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Penyebab Kadar Hemoglobin (Hb) Tinggi dan Cara Mengatasinya

Penyebab Kadar Hemoglobin (Hb) Tinggi dan Cara Mengatasinya
Ilustrasi tes darah. Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Hemoglobin (Hb) adalah komponen dalam sel darah merah yang berperan penting dalam mengantarkan oksigen di tubuh. Kadar hemoglobin yang tidak normal bisa menjadi tanda adanya suatu masalah kesehatan. Bila kadar hemoglobin Anda rendah, sel-sel di tubuh bisa tidak mendapat oksigen yang cukup. Bagaimana bila sebaliknya, berbahayakah jika kadar hemoglobin di atas normal? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Apa Itu Hemoglobin Tinggi?

Hemoglobin adalah sejenis protein dalam sel darah merah yang berfungsi untuk mendistribusikan oksigen dari udara yang dihirup ke otot dan jaringan di seluruh tubuh. Tanpa adanya oksigen, otot tidak akan memiliki energi yang dibutuhkan untuk berfungsi normal. Hemoglobin juga berperan dalam mengikat karbon dioksida dan mengembalikannya ke paru untuk dikeluarkan dari tubuh. Proses penting ini membantu mencegah penumpukan kadar karbon dioksida yang bisa bermanifestasi sebagai beragam gejala di tubuh. 

Ketika seseorang memiliki kadar hemoglobin tinggi, artinya jumlah protein Hb dalam sel darah merahnya di atas normal. Kondisi ini bisa terjadi ketika:

  • Tubuh memerlukan kapasitas hantaran oksigen yang tinggi, sebagai kompensasi tubuh terhadap suplai oksigen yang rendah
  • Fungsi jantung atau paru yang buruk yang membuat kadar oksigen di darah terus rendah, sehingga produksi sel darah meningkat
  • Sumsum tulang memproduksi terlalu banyak sel darah merah
  • Efek konsumsi obat atau pemakaian hormon yang menstimulasi produksi sel darah merah, dll.

Umumnya, kondisi ini tidak menunjukkan gejala khusus sehingga banyak yang baru mengetahui kadar Hb mereka tinggi melalui pemeriksaan darah. Nilai normal kadar Hb dalam tubuh seseorang tergantung jenis kelamin dan usianya. Pada wanita dewasa, kadar hemoglobin normal berkisar antara 12 – 15 g/dL, sedangkan kadar normal hemoglobin pada pria dewasa berkisar antara 13,5 – 18 g/dL. Jika lebih dari batas atas rentang nilai tersebut maka kadar Hb Anda termasuk tinggi. 

Baca Juga: Ketahui Penyebab Hemoglobin (Hb) Rendah dan Cara Mengatasinya

 

Penyebab Hemoglobin Tinggi

Penyebab kadar hemoglobin (Hb) tinggi dapat bermacam-macam, mulai dari gaya hidup atau kondisi medis tertentu. Beberapa penyebab Hb tinggi umumnya tidak serius dan bersifat sementara, namun tingginya kadar Hb juga bisa mengindikasikan masalah kronis. Beberapa penyebab kadar Hb tinggi antara lain:

Gaya hidup

  • Merokok

Para perokok memiliki kadar Hb tinggi sebagai kompensasi tingginya kadar karbon dioksida dalam darah akibat merokok.

  • Berada di ketinggian

Daerah yang tinggi umumnya memiliki tekanan udara lebih rendah dan suplai oksigen yang rendah. Untuk mengompensasinya, tubuh akan meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin di darah agar dapat mengikat oksigen lebih banyak.

  • Dehidrasi

Saat dehidrasi, bagian darah yang cair (plasma darah) akan menurun dan secara otomatis meningkatkan jumlah hemoglobin.

 

Kondisi medis

  • Penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK)

Pada pengidap penyakut paru obstruktif kronis, saluran pernapasan dapat mengalami peradangan dan perubahan struktur yang bisa membuat kadar oksigen di jaringan berkurang. Hal ini akan membuat tubuh meningkatkan produksi sel darah merah sebagai kompensasi, untuk mendapatkan lebih banyak oksigen. Akibatnya, kadar hemoglobin bisa mengalami peningkatan.

  • Penyakit jantung bawaan

Orang dengan kelainan struktur jantung sejak lahir dapat mengalami berbagai gangguan sirkulasi darah dan saturasi oksigen yang rendah. Hal ini berperan terhadap peningkatan kadar hemoglobin dalam darah, sebagai upaya tubuh untuk bisa meningkatkan hantaran oksigen ke jaringan.

  • Kanker

Ada beberapa jenis kanker yang bisa menyebabkan peningkatan kadar hemoglobin dalam darah, seperti kanker hati, kanker ginjal dan polisitemia vera. Pengidap kanker tersebut dapat memiliki kadar hemoglobin tinggi yang tidak dapat dijelaskan penyebabnya

  • Fibrosis paru

Pengidap fibrosis paru mengalami kerusakan permanen pada paru-paru berupa jaringan parut yang progresif. Akibatnya, oksigen yang masuk menjadi terbatas dan meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin dalam darah.

Baca Juga: Kebiasaan Baik Agar Tekanan Darah Normal

 

Cara Menurunkan Kadar Hemoglobin Tinggi

Cara menurunkan kadar hemoglobin tinggi bisa disesuaikan dengan penyebabnya. Jika kadar Hb tinggi akibat Anda berada di ketinggian, maka kadar Hb akan normal kembali ketika Anda berada di dataran yang memiliki tekanan udara normal. Namun apabila kadar Hb tinggi disebabkan oleh kondisi medis kronis atau pengaruh konsumsi obat, dokter akan menyesuaikan pengobatan dengan kondisi medis Anda.

Kadar Hb yang tinggi umumnya tidak menunjukkan gejala khas. Jika memiliki pertanyaan seputar pemeriksaan darah, sebaiknya konsultasikan ke dokter atau manfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Rabu, 1 November 2023 | 05:51

Cleveland Clinic. High Hemoglobin Count. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17789-high-hemoglobin-count

Mayo Clinic, High Hemoglobin Count. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/high-hemoglobin-count/basics/causes/sym-20050862

Moawad, H. (2023). High Hemoglobin Count. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/high-hemoglobin-5211560

Vandergriendt, C. (2023). Everything You Need to Know About Hemoglobin. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-hemoglobin

Mayo Clinic. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polycythemia-vera/symptoms-causes/syc-20355850

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 4369
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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